ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVYZ

R

Romania羅馬尼亞
Russian Federation俄羅斯

Rwanda盧安達

 

Romania 羅馬尼亞

卡達
1970年4月2日制憲。

第四條

第二項
不論種族、民族、族群出身、語言、宗教、性別、意見、政治信念、財產或社會出身,羅馬尼亞為羅馬尼亞國民共有及不可分割之家園。

第六條

第一項
國家認可及確保少數族群之之權利,確保其種族、文化、語言及宗教認同之保存與發展。

第七條
國家應支持羅馬尼亞僑民間的聯繫並致力於遵守該僑民所居住國家法規的情況下,維護、發展和表現其種族、文化、語言和宗教認同。

第十三條
羅馬尼亞之官方語言為羅馬尼亞語。

第二十三條

第五項
任何人遭拘留或逮捕時,應儘可能以其所熟稔之語言,詳細告知其遭到拘留或逮捕的事由;唯有當官派律師或當事者選擇定之律師在場時,才可宣布起訴。

第三十二條

第二項
各級教育使用羅馬尼亞語;但在另訂法律的認可下,教學活動中亦可使用某種世界通行的語言。
第三項
少數族群有學習母語及以母語受教育之權利;相關權利之行使方式由法律規定之。

第一百二十七條

第一項
審判程序以羅馬尼亞語進行。
第二項
少數族群公民,以及不懂或不會說羅馬尼亞語者,有權透過翻譯瞭解檔案中所有文件和內容、在法庭上發言及作出結論;在刑事訴訟中,法庭免費提供翻譯。

第一百四十八條

第一項
本憲法中關於羅馬尼亞國之全國性、獨立性、統一性及不可分割之特性,有關共和國政體、領土完整、司法獨立、政治多元性及官方語言的條款不應修改。

 


Romania
Constitution as adopted on 2 April 1970.

Article 4 
2. Romania is the common and indivisible homeland of all its citizens, without any discrimination on account of race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, sex, opinion, political adherence, property or social origin. 

Article 6 
1. The state recognises and guarantees the right of persons belonging to national minorities, to the preservation, development and expression of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity. 

Article 7 
The state shall support the strengthening of links with the Romanians living abroad and shall act accordingly for the preservation, development and expression of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity, under observance of the legislation of the state of which they are citizens. 

Article 13 
In Romania, the official language is Romanian. 

Article 23 
5. Any person detained or arrested shall be promptly informed, in a language he understands, of the grounds for his detention or arrest, and notified of the charges against him, as soon as practicable; the notification of the charges shall be made only in the presence of a lawyer of his own choosing or appointed ex officio. 

Article 32 
2. Education of all grades shall be in Romanian. Education may also be conducted in a foreign language of international use, under the terms laid down by law. 
3. The right of persons belonging to national minorities to learn their mother tongue, and their right to be educated in this language are guaranteed; the ways to exercise these rights shall be regulated by law. 

Article 127 
1. Procedure shall be conducted in Romanian. 
2. Citizens belonging to national minorities, as well as persons who cannot understand or speak Romanian have the right to take cognisance of all acts and files of the case, to speak before the Court and formulate conclusions, through an interpreter; in criminal trials, this right shall be ensured free of charge. 

Article 148 
1. The provisions of this Constitution with regard to the national, independent, unitary and indivisible character of the Romanian state, the Republican form of government, territorial integrity, independence of the judiciary, political pluralism and official language shall not be subject to revision.

 

Russian Federation 俄羅斯聯邦

俄羅斯聯邦
1993年12月12日制憲。

第十九條

第二項
國家應確保人民權利及自由之平等,不論其性別、種族、民族、語言、出身、財產或工作地位、居住地、宗教態度、信念、社團屬性或其他情況。不得因社會、種族、民族、語言或宗教屬性而對公民的權利有任何形式的限制。

第二十六條

第二項
人人皆有使用母語的權利,並得自由選擇溝通、教育、訓練及創作的語言。

第二十九條

第二項
不得進行激起社會、種族、民族、或宗教仇恨或爭鬥之宣傳或運動。禁止進行社會、種族、民族、宗教或語言優越性的宣傳。

第六十八條

第一項
俄羅斯聯邦全境內,應採用俄語為國家語言。
第二項
共和國有權規定自己的國家語言。國家政權機關、地方自治機關、共和國的國家機構內,同樣使用俄羅斯聯邦的國家語言。
第三項
俄羅斯聯邦保障其所有人民維護母語及為其研究與發展創造條件的權利。

 


Russian Federation
Constitution as adopted on 12 December 1993. 

Article 19 
2. The state shall guarantee the equality of rights and liberties regardless of sex, race, nationality, language, origin, property or employment status, residence, attitude to religion, convictions, membership of public associations or any other circumstance. Any restrictions of the rights of citizens on social, racial, national, linguistic, or religious grounds shall be prohibited. 

Article 26 
2. Everyone shall have the right to use his native language and to freely choose the language of communication, education, training and creative work. 

Article 29 
2. Propaganda or inciting social, racial, national, or religious hatred and strife is impermissible. The propaganda of social, racial, national, religious, or linguistic supremacy is forbidden. 

Article 68 
1. The state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory shall be the Russian language. 
2. The republics shall have the right to institute their own state languages. They shall be used alongside the state language of the Russian Federation in bodies of state power, bodies of local self-government and state institutions of the republics. 
3. The Russian Federation shall guarantee all its peoples the right to preserve their native language and to create the conditions for its study and development.

 

Rwanda 盧安達

盧安達
1991年5月30日制憲。

第四條(語言)
金亞盧安達語 (Kinyarwanda) 為國家語言;金亞盧安達語和法語為官方語言。


Rwanda
Constitution as adopted 30 May 1991. 

Article 3 
Arabic is the official language of the State. 

Article 4 [Languages] 
Kinyarwanda shall be the National Language. Kinyarwanda and French shall be the official languages.