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Fiji斐濟
Finland芬蘭

France法國

 

Fiji 斐濟

斐濟
1997年7月25日制憲。 

第四節

第一項
英文、斐濟語和印度斯坦尼語在國內有同樣的地位。
第二項
憲法文本主要是採用英文本,但亦需譯成斐濟語和印度斯坦尼語。
第三項
若本憲法之條文解釋,與斐濟語和印度斯坦尼語譯本在語意上有所出入時,以英文本為準。
第四項
任何人與下列機構交涉事務時,有權直接或經翻譯使用英文,斐濟語和印度斯坦尼語:

第一款
部門;
第二款
國家所屬辦公廳;或
第三款
地方政府;

第六節
所有斐濟島的人民均同意在此憲法與國家其他法律架構下,政府必須基於下列原則行事:

第三項 
所有人均有權自由地奉行所信仰的宗教,以及保存其語言、文化和傳統。

第二十三節

第三項
任何人若因國家的緊急措施而遭到拘留時:

第一款
國家必須在他遭到拘捕的七日之內,儘速以其所能瞭解的語文,以書面方式,詳細告知其所遭到拘捕的理由。

第二十七節

第一項
所有遭到逮捕或拘禁者有權:

第一款
要求相關機構儘速以當事人能瞭解的語言告知他(她)被逮捕或拘禁的原因,與即將隨之而來的任何訴訟。

第二十八節

第一項
任何人在被指控犯罪時有權:

第一款
以他(她)能瞭解的語言,以簡明易懂的書面資料,被告知其將遭到控訴的性質與原因。

第二十九節 

第六項
任何人在被指控犯罪時,審判的每一方與每位民刑事案件的證人,均有權以其所能瞭解的語言在訴訟過程中提出證據或是被偵訊。
第七項
任何被指控犯罪者、和參與民事訴訟的每一方,有權以他(她)所能瞭解的語言進行訴訟。
第八項
為使第六和第七項所列之權利生效,相關法庭和審理委員會在考量到正義與不損及相關者之權益的情形下,必須提供口譯人員或通曉手語人員之服務。

第三十八節

第二項
任何人不得因他(她)的下列背景,而遭致直接或間接的不公平歧視:

第一款
實際上或被認為具有的個人特質或環境,包括種族、族群出身、膚色、出身地、性別、性別傾向、出生、主要語言、經濟地位、年齡或殘障等因素;或

第六項
法律,或基於法律所採取的行政措施,符合以下情況中不受歧視的自由權利:

第一款
語言;


Fiji
Constitution as adopted on 25 July 1997. 

Section 4 
(1) The English, Fijian and Hindustani languages have equal status in the State. 
(2) This Constitution is to be adopted in English but translations in Fijian and Hindustani are to be available.
(3) If, in the interpretation of a provision of this Constitution, there is an apparent difference between the meaning of the English version of the provision and its meaning in Fijian or Hindustani, the English version prevails.
(4) Every person who transacts business with:
(a) a department; 
(b) an office in a State service; or 
(c) a local authority;
has the right to do so in English, Fijian or Hindustani, either directly or through a competent interpreter. 

Section 6 
The people of the Fiji Islands recognise that, within the framework of this Constitution and the other laws of the State, the conduct of government is based on the following principles: 
(c) all persons have the right to practise their religion freely and to retain their language, culture and traditions;

Section 23 
(3) If a person (detainee) is detained pursuant to a measure authorised under a State of emergency: 
(a) the detainee must, as soon as is reasonably practicable and in any event within 7 days after the start of the detention, be given a Statement in writing, in a language that the detainee understands, specifying the grounds of the detention;

Section 27 
(1) Every person who is arrested or detained has the right: 
(a) to be informed promptly in a language that he or she understands of the reason for his or her arrest or detention and of the nature of any charge that may be brought; 

Section 28 
(1) Every person charged with an offence has the right: 
(b) to be given details in legible writing, in a language that he or she understands, of the nature of and reasons for the charge;

Section 29 
(6) Every person charged with an offence, every party to civil proceedings and every witness in criminal or civil proceedings has the right to give evidence and to be questioned in a language that he or she understands. 
(7) Every person charged with an offence and every party to civil proceedings has the right to follow the proceedings in a language that he or she understands. 
(8) To give effect to the rights referred to in subsections (6) and (7), the court or tribunal concerned must, when the interests of justice so require, provide, without cost to the person concerned, the services of an interpreter or of a person competent in sign language.

Section 38 
(2) A person must not be unfairly discriminated against directly or indirectly, on the ground of his or her: 
(a) actual or supposed personal characteristics or circumstances, including race, ethnic origin, colour, place of origin, gender, sexual orientation, birth, primary language, economic status, age or disability; or
(6) A law, or an administrative action taken under a law, is not inconsistent with the right to freedom from discrimination on the ground of: 
(a) language;

Finland 芬蘭

芬蘭
1999年6月11日制定新憲法,2002年3月1日實行。

第二章、基本權利與自由

第六條(平等)

第一項 
法律前人人平等。
第二項 
除非有合理的原因,任何人不得因其性別、年齡、出身、語言、宗教、信仰、意見、健康、傷殘或其他相關因素而遭受不同之對待。

第十七條(個人語言及文化權利)

第一項
芬蘭之國家語言為芬蘭語和瑞典語。
第二項
法律應保障國民於法院或其他機構內使用其語言(不論為芬蘭語或瑞典語)的權利,並得獲取以其語言所寫成之官方文件。行政機關應為國內使用芬蘭語和瑞典語之民眾的文化與社會需求提供均等服務。
第三項
薩米族人 (the Sami) 以其原住民之身分,和羅馬人與其他族群一般,有權維持及發展其語言和文化。薩米族人於行政官員前使用薩米語之權利的條件應由法律規定之。民眾因殘疾、能力不足而使用手語或需要翻譯協助的權利應以法律保障之。

第五十一條(國會議事之語言使用)

第一項
國會議事時得使用芬蘭語和瑞典語。
第二項
政府與其他行政機構於遞交需經國會討論之文件時,應同時以芬蘭語和瑞典語書寫之。同樣的,國會的覆文與會議記錄、委員會的報告與意見陳述、以及發言人會議*所提出的建議,亦應同時以芬蘭語和瑞典語書寫之。

第七十九條(法案之公布與實行)

第三項
……法案之制定與公布應同時以芬蘭語和瑞典語為之。

第一百二十二條(行政單位劃分)

第一項
行政組織應根據地域來劃分,以確保使用芬蘭語和瑞典語的民眾皆能以其語言接受同等的服務。

* 發言人會議 (Speaker's Council) 由國會發言人、國會代理發言人與各委員會主席所組成。發言人小組得提出有關國會運作之法案的實行與修正案。其詳細職權,請參考本憲法第三十四條之規定。


Finland
Adopted on: 11 June 1999
In force since: 1 March 2000

Chapter 2 Basic rights and liberties

Section 6 Equality
(1) Everyone is equal before the law.
(2) No one shall, without an acceptable reason, be treated differently from other persons on the ground of sex, age, origin, language, religion, conviction, opinion, health, disability or other reason that concerns his or her person.

Section 17 Right to one's language and culture
(1) The national languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish.
(2) The right of everyone to use his or her own language, either Finnish or Swedish, before courts of law and other authorities, and to receive official documents in that language, shall be guaranteed by an Act. The public authorities shall provide for the cultural and societal needs of the Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking populations of the country on an equal basis.
(3) The Sami, as an indigenous people, as well as the Roma and other groups, have the right to maintain and develop their own language and culture. Provisions on the right of the Sami to use the Sami language before the authorities are laid down by an Act. The rights of persons using sign language and of persons in need of interpretation or translation aid owing to disability shall be guaranteed by an Act.

Section 51 Languages used in parliamentary work
(1) The Finnish or Swedish languages are used in parliamentary work.
(2) The Government and the other authorities shall submit the documents necessary for a matter to be taken up for consideration in the Parliament both in Finnish and Swedish. Likewise, the parliamentary replies and communications, the reports and statements of the Committees, as well as the written proposals of the Speaker's Council, shall be written in Finnish and Swedish.

Section 79 Publication and entry into force of Acts 
…Acts are enacted and published in Finnish and Swedish.

Section 122 Administrative divisions
(1) In the organisation of administration, the objective shall be suitable territorial divisions, so that the Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking populations have an opportunity to receive services in their own language on equal terms.

France 法國

法國
1958年10月4日制憲,1992年6月25日修訂。

第二條
共和國語言為法文。


France
Constitution as adopted on 4 October 1958, and modified up to 25 June 1992. 

Article 2 
The language of the Republic shall be French..