ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVYZ

N

Namibia那米比亞
Nauru納烏魯
Nepal尼泊爾
New Zealand紐西蘭

Nicaraqua尼加拉瓜
Niger尼日
Nigeria奈及利亞
Norway挪威

 

Namibia 那米比亞

那米比亞
1990年2月制憲。

第三條

第一項 
那米比亞之官方語言為英語。
第二項 
本憲法之任何規範不得禁止各公私立學校以其他語言作為教學媒介;但須符合法律為了確保對官方語言之熟練、或為教育之需要所作的規定。
第三項 
本條文第一項規範之內容,不得阻礙國會立法允許除英語之外,為了立法、行政和司法目的,在某區使用佔有相當數量之特定人口的語言。

第十一條

第二項
任何人不得在未立即以其所能瞭解之語言告知所遭到逮捕之事由的情形下,遭到逮捕。

第十九條
本條文保護人民的權利;只要在不侵犯他人權利或國家利益的情況下,每個人皆被賦予享有、使用、主張、維繫及推動任何本憲法中所論及的文化、語言、傳統或宗教。

第二項
任何因第一項規定而遭到拘禁者,得適用下列規定:

第一款 
應儘速在其遭到拘禁的五日內,以其所熟知的語言,以書面方式,詳細告知其遭拘禁之事由;並得應其要求,向其宣讀書面內容。
第二款
應儘速在其遭到拘禁的十四日內,以其所熟知的語言,以書面方式,詳細告知其遭拘禁之事由;並得應其要求,向其宣讀書面內容。


Namibia
Constitution of February 1990. 

Article 3 
(1) The official language of Namibia shall be English. 
(2) Nothing contained in this Constitution shall prohibit the use of any other language as a medium of instruction in private schools or in schools financed or subsidised by the State, subject to compliance with such requirements as may be imposed by law, to ensure proficiency in the official language, or for pedagogic reasons. 
(3) Nothing contained in Paragraph (1) shall preclude legislation by Parliament which permits the use of a language other than English for legislative, administrative and judicial purposes in regions or areas where such other language or languages are spoken by a substantial component of the population. 

Article 11 
(2) No persons who are arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed promptly in a language they understand of the grounds for such arrest. 

Article 19 
Every person shall be entitled to enjoy, practice, profess, maintain and promote any culture, language, tradition or religion subject to the terms of this Constitution and further subject to the condition that the rights protected by this article do not impinge upon the rights of others or the national interest. 

Article 19 
(2) Where any persons are detained by virtue of such authorization as is referred to in Paragraph (1), the following provisions shall apply: 
a) they shall, as soon as reasonably practicable and in any case not more than five (5) days after the commencement of their detention, be furnished with a statement in writing in a language that they understand specifying in detail the grounds upon which they are detained and, at their request, this statement shall be read to them; 
b) not more than fourteen (14) days after the commencement of their detention, be furnished with a statement in writing in a language that they understand specifying in detail the grounds upon which they are detained and, at their request, this statement shall be read to them;

 

Nauru 納烏魯

納烏魯
1968年1月29日制憲。

第十條

第三項
當一個人被控告犯罪時……

第二款 
應以其所能瞭解之語言,即時詳細地告知其所遭控告的事由。
第四款 
若其不瞭解審判時所用的語言,得獲得免費的翻譯協助。


Nauru
Constitution as adopted on 29 January 1968.

Article 10 
3. A person charged with an offence... 
(b) shall be informed promptly in a language that he understands and in detail of the nature of the offence with which he is charged;... 
(d) shall be permitted to have without payment the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used at the trial of the charge;. 

 

Nepal 尼泊爾

尼泊爾
1990年11月9日制憲。

第四條

第一項
尼泊爾為一多族群、多語言、民主、獨立、不可分割、具有主權、印度教及君主立憲王國。

第六條

第一項 
以迪瓦那格里 (Devanagari) 文字書寫的尼泊爾語是尼泊爾民族的語言。尼泊爾語為官方語言。
第二項
在尼泊爾境內各地區中居民的母語均為尼泊爾之國家語言。

第九條

第四項
在本憲法施行後,外國人如欲取得尼泊爾之公民資格者,其應經由法律之規範,滿足下列條件:

第一款
懂得說、寫尼泊爾之國語;

第十八條

第一項 
居住在尼泊爾王國中的每一社群皆有權利保存及推動其語言、文字和文化。
第二項
每一社群皆有權利以其母語對其子女進行初等學校教育。

第一百一十三條 

第三項 
如果任何的政治組織或政黨因為宗教、階級、部族、語言、或性別之因素,對尼泊爾公民加以歧視而禁止其入黨,選舉委員會將不得允許其登記,而政治組織或政黨之名稱、目的或旗幟為宗教的、地方性的或企圖分裂國家者亦不可登記。

 


Nepal
Constitution as adopted on 9 November 1990. 

Article 4 
(1) Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multilingual, democratic, independent, indivisible, sovereign, Hindu and Constitutional Monarchical Kingdom. 

Article 6 
(1) The Nepali language in the Devanagari script is the language of the nation of Npal. The Nepali language shall be the official language. 
(2) All the languages spoken as the mother tongue in the various parts of Nepal are the national languages of Nepal. 

Article 9 
(4) After the commencement of this Constitution, the acquisition of citizenship of Nepal by a foreigner may be regulated by law which may, inter alia, require the fulfilment of the following conditions: 
(a) that he can speak and write the language of the nation of Nepal;

Article 18 
(1) Each community residing within the Kingdom of Nepal shall have the right to preserve and promote its language, script and culture. 
(2) Each community shall have the right to operate schools up to the primary level in its own mother tongue for imparting education to its children. 

Article 113 
(3) The Election Commission shall not register any political organisation or party if any Nepali citizen of is discriminated against in becoming a member on the basis of religion, caste, tribe, language or sex or if the name, objectives, insignia or flag is of such a nature that it is religious or communal or tends to fragment the country.

 

New Zealand 紐西蘭

紐西蘭
1990年制定之權利法案。

第二十節(少數者權利)
屬紐西蘭境內之少數族群、宗教或語言團體者,與其他少數族群成員之結社、享有文化、主張與實踐其宗教、或使用其語言的權利不得被否定。

第二十四節(犯罪之正義)
第七項 
當其不能了解或說法院所使用之語言,有權利獲得翻譯協助。


New Zealand
Bill of Rights Act as adopted 1990.

Section 20 [Rights of Minorities] 
A person who belongs to an ethnic, religious, or linguistic minority in New Zealand shall not be denied the right, in community with other members of that minority, to enjoy the culture, to profess and practise the religion, or to use the language, of that minority.

Section 24 [Criminal Justice] 
(g) Shall have the right to have the free assistance of an interpreter if the person cannot understand or speak the language used in court

 

Nicaragua 尼加拉瓜

尼加拉瓜
1987年1月9日制憲。

第十一條
西班牙語為國家官方語言。在尼加拉瓜大西洋岸各自治區之語言,在法律規定下亦可為官方語言之使用。

第二十七條
尼加拉瓜人民,無分出身、族群、政治信念、種族、性別、語言、主張、血統、經濟地位、社會階級,法律之前一律平等,享有同等保障權利。

第三十三條

第二項 
任何遭拘留之人皆有下列權利:

第一款
立即以其所瞭解之語言告知被拘留之原因,及其所犯之罪行;

第九十條
大西洋岸自治區有權自由使用並保有其語言、藝術及文化。其文化及價值之發展將可豐富民族之文化。國家將設立特別計劃以運行此些權利。

第九十一條
國家應立法保障、推動並確保尼加拉瓜國民不因其特有之語言、文化或出身而受到歧視。

第一百二十一條
所有尼加拉瓜人民均能自由平等地接受教育。基本教育是免費且強制性的。大西洋岸之自治區在該區中可接受以其母語所進行的教育;受教之最高等級等級依國家計劃規定之。

第一百二十八條
國家必須保護國家之傳統建築、歷史、語言、文化和藝術。

第一百八十條
……國家亦確保其文化、語言、宗教及習慣之保存。

第一百九十七條
憲法應以國家官方語言加以廣泛公布,同樣地以大西洋岸自治區的語言傳播。


Nicaragua
Constitution as adopted on 9 January 1987.

Article 11 
Spanish is the official language of the state. The languages of the communities on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua will also be official in the cases determined by law. 

Article 27 
All persons are equal before the law and have the right to equal protection. There shall be no discrimination for reasons of birth, nationality, political belief, race, sex, language, opinions, origins, economic position or any other social condition. 
Article 33 2. Any person detained has the right: 
(a) to be informed without delay, in a language he understands and in detail of the reasons for his detention and of the offence with which he is charged;

Article 90 
The Atlantic Coast communities have the right to the freedom of expression and to preserve their languages, art and culture. The development of their culture and values enriches the national culture. The state will set up special programmes for the exercise of these rights. 

Article 91 
The state has the obligation of adopting laws that will ensure no Nicaraguan will be the victim of discrimination because of his language, culture or origin. 

Article 121 
Access to education is free and equal for all Nicaraguans. Basic education is free and mandatory. Atlantic Coast communities will have in their region access to education in their mother tongue up to the levels determined by national plans and programmes. 

Article 128 
The state protects the archaeological, historical, linguistic, cultural and artistic heritage of the nation. 

Article 180 
... The state also guaranties the preservation of their cultures and languages, religions and customs. 

Article 197 
This Constitution shall be widely distributed in the official language of the country; it will also be distributed in the languages of the Atlantic Coast communities.

 

Niger 尼日

尼日
1996年4月20日制憲。

第三條
所有尼日國之部落在尊重其他部落語言之同時,享有自己語言之自由。
所有的語言均是平等的,皆享有國家語言之地位,均有自我晉級提昇及自我發展之自由。


Niger
Constitution as adopted on 20 April 1996.

Article 3 
Toutes les communautés composant la Nation nigérienne jouissent de la liberté d'utiliser leurs langues en respectant celles des autres. 
Ces langues ont, en toute égalité, le statut de langues nationales. La loi fixe les modalités de leur promotion et de leur développement. 
La langue officielle est le français. 

 

Nigeria 奈及利亞

奈及利亞
1979年10月1日修訂的憲法。

第五條

第三項
凡遭到逮捕或拘留之人,應在在二十四小時內以其所瞭解之語言,以書面方式,告知其所遭逮捕或拘留之事實與依據。

第六條
任何遭到犯罪指控之人,有權:

第一項
即時以其所瞭解之語言,詳細地告知其犯罪之事由…
第六項
當其不懂犯罪審判所用的之語言時,應獲得免費的翻譯協助。

第十九條

第四項
政府應推動本土語言之學習。

第五十三條
在充分安排下,國會議事將以英語、豪瑟 (Hausa)、伊布 (Ibo) 及耀魯巴(Yoruba) 語進行。

第九十五條
議會中之事務應以英語運作,但經議會決議通過,可用英語之外的其他國內語言。


Nigeria
Constitution as adopted on 1 October 1979, amended.

Article 5 
3. Every person who is arrested or detained shall be informed in writing within 24 hours, and in a language that he understands, of the facts and grounds for his arrest or detention 

Article 6 
Every person who is charged with a criminal offence shall be entitled: 
(a) to be informed promptly in the language that he understands and in detail of the nature of the offence;... 
(f) to have without payment the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand the language used at the trial of the offence. 

Article 19 
4. Government shall promote the learning of indigenous languages. 

Article 53 
The business of the National Assembly shall be conducted in English, and in Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba when adequate arrangements have been made therefore. 

Article 95 
The business of a House of Assembly shall be conducted in English, but the House may in addition to English conduct the business of the House in one or more other languages spoken in the state as the House may by resolution approve.

 

Norway 挪威

挪威
1814年5月17日制憲。

第九十二條
僅挪威公民,男性與女性,會說本國語言者,始可被委任本國公職,……

第一百一十條之一
國家當局有責任創造適於薩米 (Sami) 族人確保及發展自身語言、文化及社會生活之條件。


Norway
Constitution as adopted on 17 May 1814.

Article 92 
Only Norwegian citizens, men and women, who speak the language of the country, shall be appointed to official posts of the state,... 

Article 110A 
The state authorities have a duty to create conditions in order to make the Sami population able to secure and develop its language, culture and social life.