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Afghanistan阿富汗
Albania阿爾巴尼亞
Algeria阿爾及利亞
Andorra安道爾
Antigua and Barbuda安地瓜及巴布達

Argentina阿根廷
Armenia亞美尼亞
Austria奧地利
Azerbaijan亞塞拜然

 

Afghanistan 阿富汗

阿富汗
1987年9月30日制憲

第二十九點五條
國家將採取措施以發展及提升具有民族性與進步特質的教育:包括去除文盲、推行母語教育、改善並推廣初級與中級義務教育以及進階的、專業與技術性的義務教育。

第四十條
所有經革命議會批准之法律、命令或是其他文案均以多數決方式通過。除非草案另有聲明,這些法律與命令於政府公報出版後開始生效。革命議會的法律與命令將以普什圖語和大流波斯語、或是其他阿富汗民族的語言印行。

第五十七條
於法院進行之訴訟案件的審理和解決,必須以普什圖語和大流波斯語、或是當地大多數居民的語言行之。


Afghanistan
Constitution as adopted 30 November 1987. 

Article 29.5 
The state will adopt measures for the development and improvement of a national and progressive education; the elimination of illiteracy; education in one's mother tongue; the improvement and broadening of compulsory primary and secondary education and advanced, professional and technical compulsory education. 

Article 40 
The ratification of laws, decrees and all other ratification of the Revolutionary Council are implemented by a majority vote of the members. Laws and decrees are enforced after their publication in the official gazette, unless otherwise stated in the draft law. Laws and decrees of the Revolutionary Council will be published in Pashto and Dari and can be published in other languages of the people of Afghanistan. 

Article 57 
The consideration and solution of cases in the courts will be rendered in Pashto and Dari or in the language of the majority of the inhabitants of the locality.

Albania 阿爾巴尼亞

阿爾巴尼亞
1998年8月4日制憲 

第十四條

第一項
阿爾巴尼亞共和國之官方語言為阿爾巴尼亞語。

第十八條

第二項
不得因性別、種族、宗教、族群、語言、政治、宗教與哲學信仰、經濟情況、教育、社會地位、或是祖系等任何理由對任何人加以歧視。

第二十條

第一項
少數族群有權於法律之前充分享有平等之人權與自由。
第二項
他們有權自由地表現、保存與發展其族群、文化、宗教和語言的認同,學習其母語並以其母語受教育,並得以成立組織與協會以保障其利益與認同。

第二十八條

第一項 
凡自由受到剝奪之人,有權立即以他所能瞭解的語言被告知所以採行此項措施的原因,以及他所被控訴的罪名。凡自由受到剝奪之人,有權被告知他並無義務必須立刻發表聲明,且有權立即與律師連絡,同時此人應被給予行使其權利的可能性。

第三十一條
犯罪審理過程中,任何人有權:

第三項
當他不會說或是無法瞭解阿爾巴尼亞語時,得以獲得免費的翻譯協助。


Albania
Constitution as adopted on 4 August 1998. 

Article 14 
(1) The official language in the Republic of Albania is Albanian. 

Article 18 
(2) No one may be unjustly discriminated against for reasons such as gender, race, religion, ethnicity, language, political, religious or philosophical beliefs, economic condition, education, social status, or ancestry. 

Article 20 
(1) Persons who belong to national minorities have the right to exercise in full equality before the law the human rights and freedoms. 
(2) They have the right freely to express, preserve and develop their ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic identity, to study and to be taught in their mother tongue, as well as unite in organizations and societies for the protection of their interests and identity. 
Article 28 

(1) Everyone whose liberty has been taken away has the right to be notified immediately, in a language that he understands, of the reasons for this measure, as well as the accusation made against him. Every person whose liberty has been taken away shall be informed that he has no obligation to make a declaration and has the right to communicate immediately with a lawyer, and he shall also be given the possibility to realize his rights. 

Article 31 
During a criminal proceeding, everyone has the right: 
c) to have the assistance without payment of a translator, when he does not speak or understand the Albanian language; 

 

Algeria 阿爾及利亞

阿爾及利亞
1976年9月19日制憲

第三條
阿拉伯語為國家以及官方語言。


Algeria
The Constitution as adopted on 19 November 1976. 

Article 3 
The national and official language is Arabic. 

 

Andorra 安道爾

安道爾
1976年4月28日制憲

第二條

第一項
國家的官方語言為加泰蘭語 (Catalan)。


Andorra
Constitution of Andorra as adopted on 28 April 1993. 

Article 2 
1. Catalan is the official language of the State. 

 

Antigua and Barbuda 安地瓜及巴布達

安地瓜及巴布達
1970年9月1日制憲

第五條

第二項
任何遭受到逮捕或拘禁的人,應儘速以合理可行的方法,以其所能瞭解的語言,用口頭或是書面的方式告知他被逮捕或拘禁的理由。

第十五條

第二項
任何人被指控觸犯刑事法規時,應依照下列規定處理之:

第二款
在合理可行的範圍內,應儘速以其所能瞭解的語言,以口述或書面的方式告知其所被指控之罪行的性質。
第六款
如其不瞭解審判進行時所用的語言時,應獲得免費的翻譯協助。

第二十九條
依據本憲法第三十條各項之規定,任何人在其被任命之日……

第三項
除非因眼盲或其他生理因素,必須能以充分熟練的程度說讀英文,以使其能在參議院中積極議事,方得被任命為參議員。

第二款
他們有權去自由的表現、保存及發展他們的族群、文化、宗教和語言認同;研習其母語或以其母語接受教育,並且可以成立組織和協會以保護其利益與認同。

第三十八條
根據本憲法第三十九條各項規定,任何人在其選舉之日…

第三項
除非因眼盲或其他生理因素,必須能以充分熟練的程度說讀英文,以使其能在眾議院中積極議事,方得有資格被選舉成為眾議員。


Antigua and Barbuda
Constitution as adopted on 1 November 1981. 

Article 5 
2. Any person who is arrested or detained shall be informed orally and in writing as soon as reasonable and practicable, in the language that he understands, of the reason for his arrest or detention. 

Article 15 
2. Every person who is charged with a criminal offence... 
(b) shall be informed orally and in writing as soon as reasonably practicable, in language that he understands, of the nature of the offence with which he is charged;... 
(f) shall be permitted to have without payment the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand the language used at the trial of the charge. 

Article 29 
Subject to the provisions of Section 30 of this Constitution any person who at the date of his appointment... 
(c) is able to speak and, unless incapacitated by blindness or other physical cause, to read the English language with sufficient proficiency to enable him to take an active part in the proceedings of the Senate, shall be qualified to be appointed as a Senator. 
(2) They have the right freely to express, preserve and develop their ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic identity, to study and to be taught in their mother tongue, as well as unite in organizations and societies for the protection of their interests and identity. 

Article 38 
Subject to the provisions of Section 39 of this Constitution, any person who at the date of his election... 
(c) is able to speak and, unless incapacitated by blindness or other physical cause, to read the English language with sufficient proficiency to enable him to take an active part in the proceedings of the House, shall be qualified to be elected as a member of the House. 

Argentina 阿根廷

阿根廷
1853年制憲,1998年修訂 

第七十五條
國會擁有以下職權……

第十七項
承認阿根廷境內原住民族與文化之先行存在。為了確保對認同與對雙語及不同文化之間教育的尊重;為了承認原住民族的法定資格以及他們對其傳統居住之土地的佔有地位和所有權;並且為了規範其他土地的授予對於人類發展來說是足夠且充分的;這些土地均不得被買賣、轉移、或經法院質押或查封。為了確保原住民族能夠參與和其自然資源有關的議題與其他方面的利益,各省可以共同行使這些權力。



Argentina
Constitution of 1853, as amended up to 1998. 

Article 75 
Congress is empowered: 

17. To recognize the ethnic and cultural pre-existence of indigenous peoples of Argentina. To guarantee respect for the identity and the right to bilingual and intercultural education; to recognize the legal capacity of their communities, and the community possession and ownership of the lands they traditionally occupy; and to regulate the granting of other lands adequate and sufficient for human development; none of them shall be sold, transmitted or subject to liens or attachments. To guarantee their participation in issues related to their natural resources and in other interests affecting them. The provinces may jointly exercise these powers.

Armenia 亞美尼亞

亞美尼亞
1995年7月5日制憲 

第十二條
亞美尼亞共和國之國家語言為亞美尼亞語。

第十五條
所有公民,不分民族、種族、性別、語言、信仰、政治或是其他信念、社會出身、財富或其他地位,均享有完全之權利與自由,並應服從憲法與法律所規範之責任。

第三十七條
少數族群之公民有權保存自身的傳統並發展其語言及文化。


Armenia
Constitution as adopted on 5 July 1995. 

Article 12 
The state language of the Republic of Armenia is Armenian. 

Article 15 
Citizens, regardless of national origin, race, sex, language, creed, political or other persuasion, social origin, wealth or other status, are entitled to all the rights and freedoms, and subject to the duties determined by the Constitution and the laws. 

Article 37 
Citizens belonging to national minorities are entitled to the preservation of their traditions and the development of their language and culture.

Austria 奧地利

奧地利
1929年制憲 

第八條
德語為共和國之官方語言,但不得侵害聯邦法律對少數語言族群之權利的保護。

第十四條

第六項
公立學校係指那些由依法設立之政府機構所建立與維持的學校。在公立學校的設立與維持之立法與執行上,聯邦即為此依法設立之政府機構,並負責處理公立學校的廢置。依法律條款規定,州、郡或郡組織為法定之政府機構,負責公立學校的設立與維持,並由州負責處理公立學校的廢置。公立學校之入學開放給所有人,不因出
身生、性別、種族、社會地位、階級、語言和宗教、以及本條款其他方面限制之不同而有差別待遇。本項規定同樣適用於幼稚園、活動中心與學生宿舍。


Austria
Constitution as adopted in 1929. 

Article 8 
Without prejudice to the rights provided by federal law for linguistic minorities, German is the official language of the Republic. 

Article 14 
(6) Public schools are those schools which are established and maintained by authorities so required by law. The Federation is the authority so required by law in so far as legislation and execution in matters of the establishment, maintenance, and dissolution of public schools are the business of the Federation. The State or, according to the statutory provisions, the County, or a County Association is the authority so required by law in so far as legislation or implementing legislation and execution in matters of establishment, maintenance and dissolution of public schools are the business of the State. Admission to public school is open to all without distinction of birth, sex race, status, class, language and religion, and in other respects within the limits of the statutory requirements. The same applies analogously to kindergartens, centers, and student hostels. 

 

Azerbaijan 亞塞拜然

亞塞拜然
1995年11月12日制憲 

第二十一條
亞塞拜然語是亞塞拜然共和國之國家語言。亞塞拜然共和國必須確保亞塞拜然語的發展。亞塞拜然共和國必須保證國內使用其他語言的人民,能自由使用與發展其當地方言。

第二十五條
所有人在法律與法庭之前一律平等。
男性與女性均享有平等的權利與自由。
人人均享有同等的權利與自由,無分種族、民族、宗教、性別、出身、財富狀況、社會地位、信仰、政黨、工會組織和社會聯盟。應禁止因種族、民族、社會地位、語言出身、信仰與宗教等因素對權利和自由所實行的限制或承認。

第四十五條
每個人都有權使用自己的母語。每個人都有權以其母語成長與受教、並參與建設性活動。
沒有任何人可以被剝奪使用母語的權利。


Azerbaijan
Constitution as of 12 November 1995. 

Article 21 
The Azerbaijan language shall be the State language of the Azerbaijan Republic. The Azerbaijan Republic shall ensure the development of the Azerbaijan language. The Azerbaijan Republic shall guarantee the free use and development of other languages spoken by the population. 

Article 25 
Every person shall be equal to the law and court. 
Men and women shall have equal rights and freedoms. 
Every person shall have equal rights and freedoms irrespective of race, nationality, religion, sex, origin, property status, social position, convictions, political party, trade union organization and social unity affiliation. Limitations or recognition of rights and freedoms because of race, nationality, social status, language origin, convictions and religion shall be prohibited. 

Article 45 
Every person shall have the right to use their mother tongue. Everyone shall have the right to be raised and get an education, be engaged in creative activities in the mother tongue. 
No one can be deprived of the right to use their mother tongue.