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    ¦b±d¼w¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡v¤@®Ñªº§Ç½×¤¤¡A­º¥ý´£¥X¤ÀªRÀu¬ü©M§§¬ü·§©Àªº¾Ç³N¯ßµ¸¡C³o­Ó¯ßµ¸´N¬O­n¶i¦æ¤@³õ¶°²z©Ê¥D¸q»P¸gÅç¥D¸q¤§¬ü¾Ç¤j¦¨ªº²z½×«Øºc¡A²z©Ê¥D¸q¬ü¾Çªº¯S¦â¬O±N¬üÂk©ó¡u¥ý¤Ñ²z©Ê¡v©M¡u¦ÛµM©M¿Ó¡v¡F¸gÅç¥D¸q¬ü¾Çªº¯S¦â¬O±N¬ü·PÂk©ó¡u«á¤Ñªº§Ö·P¸gÅç¡v¡C¦Ó±d¼w¬ü¾Çªº«Øºc´N¬O­n¥Î¡u§PÂ_¤O¡v©M¡u¦ÛµMªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v¡]the purposiveness of nature¡^¨â­ÓÃöÁä·§©À¡A¨Ó­«·s¬É©w¡uÀu¬ü·P¡vªº©Ê½è¡C

    ¥t¥~¡A±d¼wªº¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡v¤]­n¸Ñ¨M¦Û¨­²z½×µo®i¤¤¡u²z½×²z©Ê¡v©M¡u¹ê½î²z©Ê¡v©Ò³y¦¨ªº¥Ù¬Þ©M¤Àµõ¡C±d¼w¡u¯Âºé²z©Ê§å§P¡v¬O­n­±¹ï¡u¦ÛµM¡vªº»{Ãѹï¶H¡A¦Ó´£¥X´¶¹M«ÈÆ[ªº»{ÃѪk«h¡A¦Ó¦b¡u®©©Ê¡v¡]understanding¡A¤SĶ¬°ª¾©Ê¡^¤¤ªº¤Q¤G½dÃ¥¡A§@¬°ª¾ÃѤ§©Ò¥H¦¨¥ßªº¥ýÅç­ì«h¡F¥Lªº¡u¹ê½î²z©Ê§å§P¡v«h¸Õ¹Ï¦b¡u¦Û¥Ñ¡v©M¡u¦Û«ß¡vªº¹D¼w¥DÅé¡]¨}¤ß¡^¤¤¡A§ä¨ì´¶¹M¹D¼w«ßªº¥ýÅç¨Ì¾Ú¡AµM¦Ó²Ä¤@©M²Ä¤G§å§Pªº§¹¦¨¡A«o³y¦¨¤F²z©Êªº¤Àµõ¡C­ì¦]¬O¡Gª½Æ[©Ò»{ÃѪº¦ÛµM·§©À¡A¨Ã«D¡uª«¦ÛÅé¡v¡A¦Ó¬O¡u²{¶H¡v¡F¤Ï¤§¹ê½î²z©Êªº¨Ì¾Ú¡X¡u¦Û¥Ñ·§©À¡v¡A¥i¥Hªí­zª«¦ÛÅé¡A«oµLªk¥Hª½Æ[ªí­z¡A©Î¥Î¸gÅç¥[¥HÃÒ©ú¡C¹ï©ó¹w³]¦t©z¾ãÅé©Êªº¡u²z©Ê¡v¦Ó¨¥¡A¥²¶·¯à¦b¡u¥i·Pªº¦ÛµM¡v©M¡u¶W·P©Êªº¦Û¥Ñ¡vÂE·¾¤§¶¡¡A·f°_¤@®y¾ô¼Ù¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¡uÀu¬ü¡v©M¡u§§¬ü¡v©Òºc¦¨ªº¡u¬ü·P§PÂ_¤O¡v¡A¤]´N¬O²Ä¤T§å§P©Ò­n·fªº¾ô¼Ù¡C

    ²Ä¤T¤è­±¡A±d¼w¤]­n¬°¦Û¤v¹L¥hªº¬ü¾Çµo®i°µ¤@­Ó¾A·íªº¥æ«Ý¡C±d¼w³Ì¦­¹ï¬ü¾Çªº¬ã¨s¡A¬O§å§P1756¦~¸gÅç¥D¸q¬ü¾Ç¬f§Jªº¡u§§¬ü»PÀu¬ü°_·½ªº­õ¾Ç±´¨s¡v¡]A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful¡^¡A¦Ó¦b1763¦~³Ð§@¤F¥Ñ¤å¤Æ¤HÃþ¾Ç¬°¥ß½×°ò¦ªº¡uÀu¬ü©M§§¬ü·P±¡ªºÆ[¹î¡v¡]Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime.¡^¡A¦b®Ñ¤¤¥L´£¥X¡uºë½o¤Æªº±¡·P¡v¡A¨Ó¨ú¥N¸gÅç¥D¸qªº¡u§Ö·P¡v»P¡uµh­W¡v¡C¦ý¤°»ò¬O¡uºë½o¤Æªº±¡·P¡v¡H¹ï¤@­Ó¦³¤ß­n°l®Ú¨s©³ªº­õ¾Ç®a¦Ó¨¥¡AÅãµM»Ý­n§ó¶i¤@¨B«õ±¸¨ä¦¨¥÷¡C1790¦~ªº¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡v¡A«K¬O­n­«·s¥Ñ¡u¥ýÅ窺¤ÀªR¡v¡A¨Ó«õ±¸¥X³o¨Ç¦¨¥÷¡C¦b¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡vªº¡uÀu¬üªº¤ÀªR¡v¡]²Ä¤@¸`¦Ü²Ä¤G¤Q¤G¸`¡^¡A©M¡u§§¬üªº¤ÀªR¡v¡]²Ä¤G¤Q¤T¸`¦Ü²Ä¤G¤Q¤E¸`¡^¡A´N¦b¶i¦æ³o­Ó¾Ç³N¤Wªº°¶¤j«Øºc¡C

    ¦b³Ð§@¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡vªº·í®É¡A±d¼w´N¼g¤F¤@­Ó«Ü­«­nªº¡u¾É½×¡v¡A¥D­n½×­z«e­±©ÒÁ¿ªº¨â¤j§å§P¤§¤Àµõ°ÝÃD¡C³o­Ó¾É½×­ì¦³±Nªñ¥|¸U¦r¡A¤À¤Q¤G¸`¡C«á¨Óµo²{©ñ¦b¤Ü¤»¸U¦rªº¥»¤å«e­±·|Åã±oÀY­«¸}»´¡B³Ù»«¹Ü¥D¡A©ó¬O¦b²Ä¤Gª©¤¤±N¦r¼ÆÀ£ÁY¤@¥b¬°¨â¸U¦r¡A¤º®eÁY¬°¤E¸`¡C¨ä¤¤³ÌÃöÁ䪺¬O²Ä¤­¸`¡G¡u¦ÛµMªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê§Y¬O§PÂ_ªº¥ýÅç­ì²z¡v¡]The Principle of the formal finality of Nature is a transcendental Principle of Judgement.¡^¡A¨ä¤¤¡u¦ÛµM·§©À¡v¬Oª¾ÃѪ½Æ[ªº¹ï¶H¡B¡u¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v¬O¡u¦Û¥Ñ·§©À¡vªº§Î¦¡¯S½è¡A­I«áªº¥ýÅç­ì²z¬O¹w³]¦t©zªº¡u¦ÛµMªk«h¡v¡C¦]¦¹¡AÂÇ¡u¦ÛµMªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v»P¡u§PÂ_¤O¡v¨â­Ó·§©À¡A´N§ä¨ì¤@­Ó·¾³q¦ÛµM»P¦Û¥Ñ¨â¬Éªº¾ô¼Ù¡C±d¼w¦b¡u¯Âºé²z©Ê§å§P¡v¤¤¥D±i¡A§PÂ_¤O¬O¤@ºØ¤Ñ¥Íªº¤ß²z¾÷¯à¡]¥ýÅ窺¡^¡A¦³¤F³oºØ¤ß²z¾÷¯à¡A¤~¯à¹ï¤dÅܸU¤Æªº»{Ãѹï¶H¶i¦æ¤ÀÃþ¡B¤ñ¸û¡B«äºû¡B¨MÂ_¡C¨ä¤¤ª¾ÃѦ³¯u°°§PÂ_¡B¹D¼w¦³µ½´c§PÂ_¡B¬ü¾Ç¤¤¦³¬üÁà§PÂ_¡C¡u©w©Ê§PÂ_¡v©M¡u¤Ï«ä§PÂ_¡v¤S¤À§O¦¨¬°ª¾ÃѧPÂ_©M¬ü·P§PÂ_ªº¤£¦PÃþ«¬¡Cª¾ÃѧPÂ_¬O¥ý¦³´¶¹M­ì«h¡A¦A§ä½ÆÂø²{¶H¤¤ªºÅܼƨӽT©w¨äÃö«Y¡F¬ü·P§PÂ_«h¬OÄÝ©ó±q¡u¨ãÅé¸gÅç¡v¡]¬ü·P¸gÅç¡^¨ì¡u©â¶H·§©À¡v¡]¬üªº·§©À¡^ªº¤Ï«ä§PÂ_Ãþ«¬¡C

 

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±d¼w¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡v¤@®Ñªº«e¤G¤Q¤G¸`¡A¬O¦³Ãö¼f¬ü§PÂ_¤Oªº¤ÀªR¡A¤ÀªRªº¤è¦¡¬O¥H¡u¯Âºé²z©Ê§å§P¡v¥|ºØ¥ýÅç½dÃ¥¡G©Ê½è¡B¤À¶q¡BÃö«Y¡B¼ËºA¬°¬[ºc¡C¨Ó°Ï¤À¬ü·P»PÅÞ¿è¡B¹D¼w¡B§Ö·Pªº®t§O¡C

 

     ¤@¡B´N¡u©Ê½è¡v¦Ó¨¥¡G¬ü·P¬O¡uµLÃö¤ßªºº¡¨¬¡v¡]disinterested satisfaction¡^¡A±d¼wÂǦ¹°Ï¤À¬ü·P§PÂ_»P§Ö·P¡Aª¾ÃѧPÂ_©M¹D¼w§PÂ_¤§®t§O¡C¡]Kant, 1914. p.45 ¡^

1.ª¾ÃѧPÂ_¬O¾ÌÂÇ®©©Ê±Nªí¶H³sô©ó«ÈÅé¡A¥H¨D±oª¾ÃÑ¡A¦Ó¬ü·P§PÂ_¬O¾ÌÂÇ·Q¹³¤O±N¥DÅé³sô©ó¹ï¶Hªº§Ö·P»P¤£§Ö·P¡C¬G¨âªÌªº®t²§¦b«áªÌ¦³¥DÆ[±¡·P¦¨¤À¡C

2.¬ü·P©M§Ö·Pªº®t§O¦b©ó¡G¬ü·P¬O¯ÂºéªºÆ[·Ó¡A¥i¶W¶V¤Á¨­§Q®`¡A»P¹ï¶H¬O§_¹ê»Ú¦s¦bµLÃö¡A¦¹§Y©Ò¿×¡uµLÃö¤ßªº¡v¡]disinterested¡^¡C¦Ó§Ö·P¬O¤@ºØ¦³Ãö¤ßªº¥DÅé°¾¦n©Î¤ß²zº¡¨¬¡C¨äº¡¨¬Ã´©ó¨Æª«¤§¹ê»Ú¦s¦b»P¥DÅ骺§Q®`Ãö«Y¡C

3.¹D¼w§PÂ_©Mµ½ªº§PÂ_¬O³q¹L²z©Ê¦Ó¹F¨ì¬Y¤@¯S©wªº¥Øªº¡A¨Ò¦p©¯ºÖ¬O§_¬°µ½¡A¬O³q¹L²z©Ê¨Ó§PÂ_©¯ºÖª¬ºA¬O§_§¡²Å¦Xµ½ªº¥Øªº¡C¦Ó¬ü·P¬O¤@ºØ¨É¨ü¡A¥DÅ骺·P©x¨É¨ü¤j¦ÛµMªº®¦½ç¡A¤£¥²¨ü²z©Ê­ì«h¤ä°t»P¦ÛµMªk«hªº­­¨î¡A¦b¥»½è¤W¬O¤@ºØ¡u¦Û¥Ñªº·Q¹³¡v¡C¡]Kant, 1914. p.54 ¡^

Á`¤§¬ü·P§PÂ_¬OµLÃö¤ßªºº¡¨¬©Î¦Û¥Ñªº§Ö·P¡A¦Ó»P¨ü¨î©ó¦ÛµM²{¶Hªºª¾ÃѧPÂ_¤£¦P¡A¤]»P¦³µ½´c¥Øªº¤Þ¾Éªº¹D¼w§PÂ_¤£¦P¡C

ª¾ÃѨü¡u¦ÛµMªk«h¡v­­¨î¡A¹D¼w¨ü¡u²z©Ê¤Ï¬Ù¡v­­¨î¡A§Ö·P«h¨ü¡u¤Á¨­§Q®`¡v©Ò¨M©w¡A°ß¦³¬ü·P¬O¡u¦Û¥Ñªº§Ö·P¡v¡C

¡uÀu¬ü¡v±q¡u©Ê½è¡vªº¤è­±¨Ó¬É©w¡A´N¬O¤@ºØ»P¥ô¦ó¡u§Q®`¡v¤ÀÂ÷ªº´r§Ö±¡·P©Òºc¦¨ªº¤ß²z¾÷¯à¡C

 

¤G¡B´N¡u¤À¶q¡v¦Ó¨¥¡A¬ü·P¬O¡uµL·§©Àªº´¶¹M´r§Ö¡v¡]kant, 1914. p.55 ¡^

1.´N¬ü·P©M§Ö·P¨Ó¤ñ¸û¡A§Ö·P¬O¦]¤H¦Ó²§ªº¡A±d¼wÁ|¨Ò»¡¦³¤H·R³Ü°s¡A¦³¤H»{¬°°s«Ü¶æ¡F¦³¤H³ßÅwµµ¦â¡A¦³¤H«h¥Hµµ¦â²@µL¥Í®ð¡F¦³¤H·RºÞ¼Ö¾¹¡A¦³¤H«h°¾¦n©¶¼Ö¡C¦ý¬ü«o¨Ã«D¦p¦¹¡A¬Y¤H·Pı¨Æª«¬°¬ü¡A¥L¥i¥H±À½×¬Û¦PŲ½à¤Oªº¤HÀ³¦³¬Û¦Pªº§PÂ_¡C°ß¬ü·P§PÂ_¶È¨ã¸gÅç©Êªº´¶¹M¡A¦Ó«D¥ýÅ窺´¶¹M³W«ß¡]¹³Å޿誺¦P¤@«ß A¡×A¡^¡C

2.µ½ªº§PÂ_¥ç¨ã´¶¹M©Ê¡A°ß¨ä´¶¹M©Ê¬O¸g¥Ñ·§©À¦Óªí²{¥X¨Ó¡A¦p¸Û¹ê¬Oµ½ªº¡A¸Û¹ê§Y¬O¤@·§©À¡C¦Ó¬üªº¨Æª«¬O³z¹Lª½Ä±¡A¦Ó¤£¥²¦³¯S©wªº·§©À¡C

    ¬G¬ü·P¬O¡uµL·§©Àªº¡v¡A¦Ó¤@¤Á¬ü·Pªº§PÂ_¬Ò¬O³æ¤@ªº§PÂ_¡AµM¦Ó¥¦±a¦³¶qªº´¶¹M©Ê¡C¦]¨ä´¶¹M©Ê¡A¦Ó»P§Ö·P¤£¦P¡F¦]¨ä³æ¤@¿W¯S©Ê¡A¤S»PÅÞ¿è§PÂ_¤£¦P¡C±d¼w¤S»¡¡G¡u¬ü·P§PÂ_¨S¦³¤@©wªº·§©À§â¥¦«]­­¦b¤@­Ó¯S®íªº»{ÃѳW«ß¸Ì¡A¥B¬ü·P¯A¤Î¦UºØ»{Ãѯà¤O¡]¥]¬A§Ö·P¡B²z¸Ñ¤O©M·Q¹³¤O¡^¡A©ó¬O¨ú±o¤F¦Û¥Ñ¬¡°Ê¤§¾l¦a¡C¡v¡]Kant, 1914. p.63. ¡^¤S»¡¡G¡u¬ü·P§PÂ_¨S¦³¤@©wªº·§©À¬°«e´£¡A¦ý²z¸Ñ¤O©M·Q¹³¤O¬Û¤¬¨ó½Õªºª¬ºA¸Ì¡Aºë¯«±o¥H¦Û¥Ñ¬¡°Ê¡C¡v¡]Kant, 1914. p.64¡^

    ¬GµL·§©Àªº»{ÃÑ¥ç§Y·Q¹³¤O©M²z¸Ñ¤O¬Û¤¬¨ó½Õ¦Ó¤S¦Û¥Ñ¹£Áþªº¬¡°Ê¡A¬ü·P­I«á§YÁôÂõۺ믫¦Û¥Ñªº¤H¤§·§©À¡C

 

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    ¦b­õ¾Ç¥v¤W¡A¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w¬O¥Øªº½×ªº©l¯ª¡A¥L¦b¡u§Î¤W¾Ç¡v¤@®Ñ¤¤´£¥Xªº¡u¥|¦]»¡¡v¡A¨ä¤¤ªº¡u¥Øªº¦]¡v¬O¦b°l·¹¸U¨Æ¸Uª«ªº­ì¦]¡A©Ò¦³ªº­ì¦]³Ì«á§¡¥iÂkµ²¨ì¦t©zªº¡u²Ä¤@¦]¡v¡C´N±d¼w¦Ó¨¥¡A±Ò»X¹B°Ê®É¥Nªº²Ä¤@¦]´N¬O¡u¦ÛµMªk«h¡v¡A¼f¬ü¥DÅé»P¦ÛµMªk«h¤§¶¡¡Aºc¦¨¤FµÜ¥¬¥§¯÷©Ò¿×ªº¡u¹w©w©M¿Ó¡vÃö«Y¡A©Ò¿×¡uµL¥Øªº¦Ó¤S¦X©ó¥Øªº©Ê¤§§Î¦¡¡v¡A¤£¹L¬O§ó²Ó¿°ªº»¡©ú¼f¬ü¥DÅé»P¦ÛµMªk«h¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡I

±d¼w¤£¶È¥Î¦¹©Ê½è¨Ó°Ï¤À§Ö·P¡B¬ü·P»Pµ½¡A§ó¥Î¥H°Ï¤À§å§P½×¬ü¾Ç»P¸gÅç½×¡B²z©Ê½×¬ü¾Ç¤§®t²§¡C¥t¥~¦b¬üªº¤ÀÃþ©M¬üªº²z·Q¨â­Ó¥DÃD¤¤¡A¤S¶}¤F¬ü¾Ç»P¡u¸gÅ示®e¡v©M¡u§Î¤W¾Ç¡vªº³q¸ô¡A¨Ï¡u§Î¦¡¬ü¾Ç¡vªº¥ß³õ¥i¥Hµy·L²H¤Æ¡C

    ©Ò¿×§Î¦¡ªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡A¤SºÙ¤§¡u¥DÆ[ªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v¡A¤]´N¬O¬ü·Pªº­ì¦]¬O¥DÆ[ªº·P±¡¡A¨äµ²ªG¬O¼f¬üªºªí¶H¡C¬G¬ü·Pªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡A§Y¬ü·P¹ï¶Hªº§Î¦¡«ê¥©²Å¦X§Ú­Ì¥DÅ骺»{ÃÑ¥\¯à¡A¦Ó¤Þ°_·Q¹³¤O¡]Einbildungskraft¡^»P²z¸Ñ¤Oªº¬Û¤¬¨ó½Õ»P¦Û¥Ñ¬¡°Ê¡A¨Ï§Ú­Ìª½Ä±¨ä§Î¶H¡A«K²£¥Íºë¯«º¡¨¬©M´r§Ö¡C§ó¨ãÅ骺»¡¡A©Ò¿×ªº¬ü·P§PÂ_¡]±d¼w©Ò¿×ªº«~¨ý§PÂ_¡^¡A¥i²Ó¤À¬°¤U¦C¹Lµ{¡G1. ·P©Ê©M·Q¹³¤O¦b´r§Öªºª¬ºA¤U¡A«Øºc¥X¬ü·Pªí¶H¡F2. ±Nªí¶H°e©¹²z¸Ñ¤O§@¥Î¤Uªºª¾©Ê¤ý°ê¡A¶i¦æ¡uµL·§©À¡vªº¦Û¥Ñ¬¡°Ê¡F3. ¦b¡u³Ð³y©Ê·Q¹³¤O¡v¡]productive Einbildungskraft ¡^ªº±a°Ê¤§¤U¡A²z¸Ñ¤O²£¥Í¤£¨üÅÞ¿è©M»{ª¾ªk«h¬ù§ôªº¦Û¥Ñ¹CÀ¸¡F4. ¼f¬ü¥DÅé¥Ñ¸û¥»¯àªº·P©Ê´r®®¡A´£¤É¬°§óºë½oªººë¯«´r®®¡X¬ü·P§PÂ_§¹¦¨¡C

    ¥t¤@ºØ¡u«ÈÆ[ªº¥Øªº¡v¡A¤S¥i¦A²Ó¤À¬°¨âºØ¡]Kant, 1914. p.77 ¡^¡A¤@ºØ¬O¹ê¥Î¥Øªº©Î¥~¦b¥Øªº¡A§Y¹ï¶H¤§¦s¦b¦X¥G¬YºØ¹ê¥Î¥Øªº¡A¦p¯Èµ§¥i¥Î©ó®Ñ¼gªº¥Øªº¡C²Ä¤GºØ¬°¤º¦b¥Øªº¡A§Y¹ï¶H¤§¤º¦bµ²ºc¦X©ó·§©À¤W¸Óª«¤§¥»½è¡A¦p¤HÅé¤ß¡BªÍ¡B¨x¡BµÊ¡BµÇ¡B­G¨ó½Õ¹B§@¡A¨Ï¤H±o¥H°·±d¥Í¬¡¡C¤uÃÀ©Î«Ø¿v¤§¬ü¡A«K¨ã¦³³oºØ¯S½è¡C

    ±d¼w¥Î¬ü·P¤¤§Î¦¡ªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡A¨Ó°Ï¤À¸gÅç½×»P§å§P½×ªº¬ü¾Ç¥D±i¡C¸gÅç½×ªº¥ðÂÓ¡]David Hume¡^¥H¬°¬ü·P§Y¬O§Ö·P¡C´N§å§P½×¬ü¾Ç¨¥¡A¬ü·P¤¤¦³§Ö·Pªº¦¨¤À¡A¦ý§Ö·P¥¼¥²¬O¬ü·P¡C¦]¬ü·P¦³¤@ºØ§Î¦¡¤W¦X¥Øªº©Ê¤§¥ýÅç¨Ì¾Ú¡]²Ä12¸`¡^¡A¦Ó§Ö·P«o¥þµM¬O¸gÅ窺¡A¬GµL´¶¹M©Ê¡C

    ±µµÛ±d¼w¦A¥Î¡uµL¥Øªº¡v¨Ó°Ï¤À²z©Ê¥D¸q»P§å§P½×¬ü¾Çªº®t²§¡C²z©Ê¥D¸qªº§dº¸¤Ò¡XÀj©i¥[µn¾Ç¬£¡A¥Î§¹¬ü ¡§perfect¡¨ ªº·§©À¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¬ü¡A¥ç§Y¥H¡u¦X©ó¤º¦b«ÈÆ[¥Øªº©Ê¡v¨Ó¬É©w¬ü¡A¦ý§¹¬üªº¦s¦b¬O¦³Ãö¹ï¶Hªº¥\¯à©Î¥Øªº¤§·§©À¡A¦Ó¬ü«o¬O¤£¨Ì¦s©ó·§©Àªº¡A¦]¦¹¥H¡u§¹¬ü¡v¨Ó¬É©w¡u¬ü¡v¡A¦b¾Ç¸Ì¤W¬O»¡¤£³qªº¡C²z©Ê½×¬ü¾Çªº°ò¦¦b¡u¦³¥Øªºªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v¡A¨äÀuÂI¦b©ó¥i¥H½T¥ß¬üªº«ÈÆ[´¶¹M©Ê¡A¦ý«o±N¼f¬ü¥DÅ骺±¡·P©ß±ó¡A¦b²z½×¤W²×¨s¦³©Ò¤£¨¬¡C

    ±d¼w¬°²`¤J¤ÀªR¦¹°ÝÃD¡A¦b²Ä¤Q¤»¸`¤¤¦A±N¬ü¤À¬°¡u¦Û¥Ñ¬ü¡v¡]Pulchritudo vaga, Free Beauty¡^©M¡uªþ±e¬ü¡v¡]©ÎĶ¨Ì¦s¬ü¡APulchritudo adhaerens, Dependent Beauty¡^¨âºØ¡]Kant, 1914. p.81. ¡^¡A¨ÃÂǦ¹¤ÀÃþ¡A©Ý®i¬ü·P¹ï¶H¡A¨Ï§Î¦¡¬ü¾Ç¤§¥ß½×¸û¬°¶ê¿Ä¡C¦Û¥Ñ¬ü¤£¥H¹ï¶H¤§¥Øªº·§©À¬°«e´£¡A¦Ó¬O¦Û¥Ñªºµ¹¤H§Ö·P¡A¦p¡uµ´¹ï­µ¼Ö¡v©MµL¯S®í¤º®e«ü¯AªºÃ¸µe¤§¬ü¡AÄÝ©ó¦¹Ãþ¡Fªþ±e¬ü«h¬O¥H¬Y·§©À¹ï¶H¤§§¹¬ü©Ê¬°«e´£¡A±d¼w¥H°¶¤jªº±Ð°ó«Ø¿v¤Î¨ä¾Àµe¬°¨Ò¡A»¡©ú³oºØ¬ü¡C¬G«eªÌ·Q¹³¤O¥i¦Û¥Ñµo´§¡A±j½Õ¬ü·P§PÂ_ªº¯Âºé©Ê¡A¦Ó«áªÌ¦Û¥Ñ«o¨ü¨ìÃÀ³Nªþ±e©ó·§©Àªº­­¨î¡A©Ó»{¬ü·P§PÂ_ªº²V¦X¦hºØ¦]¯À¡A¦p¬ü·P»P§Ö·P¡BŲ½à»P²z©Ê¡B¬ü»Pµ½¡Kµ¥¡C

    ¨Ì¦¹¡A±d¼w¤S¦b²z½×¤W±N¡uµL¥Øªº¡v»P¡u¦Û¥Ñ¡v·§©À¬Û³s¡C¦¹¥~¡A¡u§Ö·P¡v»P¡u¬ü·P¡vªºµ²¦X¡A¥H¤Î¡uµ½¡v»P¡u¬ü¡vªºµ²¦X¡A³£·|¯}Ãa¬üªº¯Âºé©Ê¡A¬G¡u¦Û¥Ñ¬ü¡v¤SºÙ¡u¯Âºé¬ü¡v¡A¦Ó¦b±d¼wªº§Î¦¡¬ü¾Ç¤¤¡A¥L¹ï¬üªº©w¸q¥u¥]¬A¯Âºé¬ü¡C

    ½×­z¦Ü²Ä¤Q¤»¸`µ²§ô¡A±d¼w·íµM¤£¯à¥u°í¦u§Î¦¡¬ü¾Çªº¥ß³õ¡A§_«h¥L­n³q¹L§PÂ_¤O¡A«Ø¥ß¤@±ø·¾³q¡uª¾Ãѽסv»P¡u­Û²z¾Ç¡v¾ô¼Ùªº­ì©l¥ø¹Ï¡A«K·|´N¦¹¤¤Â_¡C©ó¬O±d¼w©µÄò«e¤Q¤»¸`ªº¡uªþ±e¬ü¡v¡A¦b²Ä¤Q¤C¸`¶}©l½×­z¡u¬üªº²z·Q¡v¡]Ideal of beauty¡^¡A¨Ó¹Á¸Õ«Øºc§å§P­õ¾Ç¤¤ªº¡u¬üµ½¦X¤@¡v¡C¬üªº²z·Q´N¬ü·P¥DÅé¨Ó»¡¡A´N¬O¡u«~¨ýªº­ì«¬¡v¡]archetype of taste¡^¡A¤]´N¬O¦b¤H©Ê¡]©Î¤Hªº¥»½èMenschheit¡^¤§¤¤§ä¨ì¬ü¡]ªþ±e¬ü¡^¤§©Ò¥H¬°¬üªº­ì¦]¡C´N¦p¦P±d¼w¦b²Ä¤G§å§P¤¤¡A¥H²z©Êªº¹w³]¡A»¡©ú´¶¹M¹D¼w«ßªº¥i¯à©Ê¡A²Ä¤T§å§P¦P¼Ë¤]¥H²z©Êªº¹w³]¡A»¡©ú«~¨ýªº­ì«¬ªº´¶¹M©Ê¡C´N¤HÃþªº¬ü¨Ó»¡¡A¨ä«~¨ýªº­ì«¬¨Ó¦Û¡u¸gÅ窺¤¤±e¡v¡]µL¹LµL¤£¤Î¡^»P¡u²z©Êªº«~½è¡v¡]¦pµ½¨}ªºªí²{»P¥¿¸qªº°í«ù¡^¡A¦p¦¹³o­Ó­ì«¬´N¦P®É¨ã¦³»{ª¾¥DÅé»P¹D¼w¥DÅ骺·N¸q¡A¦Ó«D¯u¡Bµ½¡B¬ü¦U¦Û©¼¦¹©t¥ßªºª¬ºA¡C

    ºî¦X¨¥¤§¡A¡uµL¥Øªºªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v¬O¦Û¥Ñ¬ü¡F¡u¦³¥Øªºªº¦X¥Øªº©Ê¡v¬Oªþ±e¬ü¡A±q¡u¬üªº²z·Q¡v¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤Hªº«~¨ý¤£¯à¬O¤@ºØ³æ¯Âªº§PÂ_¡C¡]An ideal of beauty cannot be a simple judgement of taste.¡^

 

    ¥|¡B´N¡u¼ËºA¡v¦Ó¨¥¡A¬ü·P¬O¡u½d¨Òªº¥²µM©Ê¡v¡]The necessity of exemplary¡^¡C¦¹·§©À¦P¼Ë¥i°Ï¤À¬ü·P§PÂ_¡B§Ö·P¡Bª¾ÃѧPÂ_»P¹D¼w§PÂ_ªº®t§O¡C

    ¦b¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡vªº²Ä¤Q¤E¸`¡A±d¼w­º¥ý¬É©w¬ü·P§PÂ_¬O¤@ºØ¡u¥DÆ[¥²µM©Ê¡v¡]The subjective necessity¡^ªº§PÂ_¡]Kant, 1914. p.92. ¡^¡C§Ö·P·½¤§©ó«á¤Ñ¸gÅç¡A¬G¤£·|¦³¥²µM©Ê¡F¦Óª¾ÃѧPÂ_¦³·P©Ê©M®©©Êªº¥ý¤Ñ§Î¦¡¬°°ò¦¡A¹D¼w§PÂ_«h¥H´¶¹M«ÈÆ[ªº¹D¼w«ß¬°¨Ì¾Ú¡A¦]¦¹§¡¨ã¦³«ÈÆ[¥²µM©Ê¡C±µµÛ±d¼w¥²¶·­n»¡©ú¡G¡u¥DÆ[¡v»P¡u¥²µM©Ê¡v¬O¨â­Ó¥Ù¬Þªº·§©À¡A«h¨ã¡u¥DÆ[¥²µM©Ê¡vªº¡u¬ü·P§PÂ_¡v¦ó¥H¯à¦¨¥ß¡C

    ¦b¡u§PÂ_¤O§å§P¡v²Ä¤Ü¸`¤¤¡A±d¼w´£¥X¡u¦@³q·P¡v¡]Sensus Communis, or common sense¡^¨Ó¥[¥H¸Ñ»¡¡C©Ò¿×¡u¦@³q·P¡v´N¬O¤@ºØ¤H­Ì©Ò¦@¦P¨ã¦³ªº¥DÆ[­ì²z¡A¦¹­ì²z¬O¥u³q¹L¡u·P¨ü¡v¦Ó«D¡u·§©À¡v¨Ó¨M©w§^¤H²£¥Í§Ö·P»P¤£§Ö·P¡A¨Ã¨ã´¶¹M¦³®Ä©Ê¡C

    ¦pªG§Ú­Ì°l°Ý¦p¦óÃÒ©ú¦@³q·Pªº¦s¦b¡C±d¼w¦b²Ä¤Ü¤@¸`¤¤¸ÑÄÀ¡A¦@³q·P¤£¬O·½©ó¤ß²zªºÆ[¹î¡A¦Ó¬Oª¾ÃÑ´¶¹M¥i·¾³q©Êªº¥²­n±ø¥ó¡]the necessary condition of the universal communicability of our knowledge¡FKant, 1914. p.94. ¡^¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A°²¦p§Ú­Ì¬Û«H¤HÃþª¾ÃѪº´¶¹M·¾³q¬O¦³¥i¯àªº¡A¨º»ò³o­Ó¥i¯à©Ê¬O«Ø¥ß¦b¡u¦@³q·P¡vªº¹w³]¤§¤W¡C©Ò¥H±d¼w¦b¬ü¾Ç¤¤¹w³]¡u¦@³q·P¡v¡A´N¹³¥L¦bª¾Ãѽפ¤¹w³]¡u¥ý¤Ñ§Î¦¡¡v¡A©Î¦b¹D¼w­õ¾Ç¤¤¹w³]¡u¤W«Ò¡v¡B¡u¦Û«ß¨}¤ß¡v¬O¬Û¦Pªº«äºû¤è¦¡¡C

    ±d¼w¦b²Ä¤Ü¤G¸`¤¤»¡¡G¡u¦@³q·P³oºØ¤£½T©wªº³W½d½T¹ê¬O§Ú­Ìªº¹w³]¡A¦Ó§Ú­Ì©Ò¥D±iªº¦@³q·PÀ³¬OŲ½à§PÂ_ªº´¶¹M­ì«h¡C¡v¡]This indeterminate norm of a common sense is actually presupposed by us¡Fas is shown by our claim to lay down judgments of taste. ¡FKant, 1914. p.95. ¡^

 

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    ¦]¦¹±d¼w¬ü¾Ç¤¤©ÒÁôÂ꺦ۥѷ§©À¡A­Ý¦³®ø·¥ªº¡u¤£¨ü­­¨î¡v¡A©M¿n·¥ªº¡u¤º¦b¤ßÆF¦UºØ¾÷¯à§¡¿Å¨ó½Õ¡v¤§Âù­«²[¸q¡A¹ê´£¨Ñ®u°Ç¬ü¨|«ä·Q¤j¤Oµo´­ºë¯«¦Û¥Ñ«ä·Qªº²z½×°ò¦»P½×­zªÅ¶¡¡C

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Bernard, J. H. ¡]trans.¡^Kant¡¦s Critique of Judgement.London: Macmillan and Co.

Meredith, J. C. ¡]trans.¡^The Critique of Judgement. ºô¸ôª©¡C